Window construction



Sept. 30, 1952 R. B. POLLMAN WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 5, 1947 Sept. 30, 1952 R. B. POLLMAN ,5

wmoow CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 5, 1947 s Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 30, 1952 R. B. POLLMAN 2,612,097

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 3, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheei 5 t 6 l5 m /30 #10 6/ 758 I27 v G 13,

l6 19 77 m /e INVENTOR.

32 3 28 v a 25 fickara/R/fly Patented Sept. 30, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE? 532,612,697 Y a I it I WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Richard B. Pullman, Detroit, Mich. ApplicationJanuary s, 1947; seria1 N0.'719,952 3 Claims. (Cl. os-ss) This invention relates" to'building structures;

"and in particular to windows p One object of this invention is to provide a window "structure having standardized and in- -'terchangeableclosure units fitting into the window'openings of the buildingand consisting,- as desired, oi -window pane units, ventilatingunits with or without screen units, and closure units to effectively seal off the ventilating'units;

' Anotherobject is to provide a window strucbarriers so as to eliminate directcontact bein a filler unit is provided for enabling smaller units to'be fitted into a larger window opening and thereby reduce the variety of units" necessary to be manufactured as well as to make the various units more adaptable'to difierent conditions and circumstances.

Another object is to provide a window structure wherein a. ventilator unit, with or without a; screen unit, is associated with a closure unit having a tight gasket seal so asto efiectively prevent'air leakage and the excessive linear foot 'crack' lo'ss previously occurring in conventional windows.

Another object is to provide a window structure, as set forth in the preceding obj ects,'wherein v the various units may be interchanged from'top to bottom, whereby their order may be varied: "for example, wherein a ventilator unitqmay be placed either at thetop or at the bottom of the window opening or both, with a window pane unit in the central portion of the window opening or in .the upper or lower portions'thereof, asde- 'sired.

Another object is to provide a window strucwindow structure according-to the press vention, employing a single window pane unit Other objects 'an'd advantages of-th'' 'inviei-ition will become" apparent-duringthe course the llowing description of the acc onlpa nyin'g df y mas, wherein:

- Figure 1 is arr-outside front -elevation-of a Iainfilling the entirewindow' opening of a building;

'ture of metallic construction so arranged'that ''-'-there is no direct metallic path of heat conductionbetween the outside and the inside of the window, this path being broken by insulating Figure 2 is anoutside front elevatiofi of a window structure utilizing the same window opening as in Figure 1, butemploying a sin'gle window pane unit and a single ventilator unit;

Figure 3 is an outside front elevation of a 'window'structure similar to Figures 1 and 2, -but employing two ventilator units with pane unit-between them; v Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical"-' section a "window I through the window structure of Figure' 2 snowing the'metalli'c framing construction-and- 'the means for preventing direct metallic-contact between the outer and inner metallic-flame .members;

Figure 5 is an enlarged inside front elevationof the window structure shown inFigure4 with a corner ofthe ventilator unit'broken away, insection alongthe line 5-5 therein;

Figures 6 and 7 are perspective partly sectional views of the cooperating outer and inner '-metallic frame membersof the window-unit shown in both the upper and the upper middle' por'tion of Figure 4; V

perspective partl'y sew shown, at the bottom of Figure 4;

Figures 10 and 11 are perspective partly sectional views oflthe. cooperating outer-and -inner metallic frame members'zl-of the ventilator unit shown in the lower middle portion of Figure-4;

Figurelz is an outside front elevationp partly in-section, of a window structure showing-the vmeans of interconnecting units; v

Figure 13 is an enlarged fragmentaryhoriaontal section taken along'the line l3 l 3 in Figure 12, and showingfurther details ofnthe means for interconnecting the window units; and

Figure 14 is. an enlarged fragmentary vertical section of'a modification of Figure tr-showing the use of a filler unit for 'spanning -the -space between the window opening and a window structure unit of the present. invention whichis I smaller than they opening to be filled.- 1 Referring to the drawings in detaiL' Fig'ure's 1 to 5 inclusive show window structures with iinterchangeableuunits according to a 'preferr d form of the present invention'and a'dap'te'd- -toi fitinto a given size of' windowiopenin'ginl a biiildthe various window 3 ing (not shown) of conventional construction, and capable of being arranged in different combinations of such units. In particular, the interchangeable units shown in Figures 1 to inclusive include units, generally designated as a large window unit It filling the entire window opening, a mdium'size window unit II combined with a" ventilator unit I2 for filling the same window opening, and a small window unit l3 combined with two ventilator units I2 for filing the same window opening. It will be understood that the units I0, I I, I2 and I3 may be made of different, preferably standardized sizes for mounting in window openings of different sizes,-as is found that the present invention enables the number of such units to be standardizedand kept at a mini t fering in size, are of substantially the same con- ..,structionand, for purposes of illustration, the

' medium-size window unit I I, as shown in Figures 2; and;4 will be describedas exemplifying the con- .}-'struct ion-also employedin the window units It -f andsl3. The window unit I I (Figures 2, 4 and 5) consists of top frame assemblies I4, bottom frame i assemblies-I5, and side frame assemblies I6. Since the side frame assemblies I6 are of similar --"construction'torthe top and. bottom frame assemblies-I4 and I5,'as shown by turning Figure 13 7 on itsaside and comparing it with the'central portion of- Figure 4, a description of the assemblies I4 and I5will sufiice for all. The top and bottom frame assemblies I4 andI5 are-also of similar --constru,ction except that they face in opposite di- -rections- They consist of outer hollow frame -Vmembers I'I' and'inner hollow frame members? w it h ;a hollow rigid insulating member I9 arj rranged between the members I I and 'I 8 to prevent direct metallic contact therebetween and thus to mretard theconduction ofyheat therebetwee'n. A retainin'g member 20, off L-shaped eross-section'is gages the portion 3| of the rigid insulating member I9. The inner frame member I8 is finally provided with an offset vertically extending portion 48 terminating in a horizontally bent portion 41 for Window-pane retaining purposes, as set forth below. The outer and inner frame members I! and I8 and the rigid insulating member I9 cooperate to'enclose chambers 48 and 49 respectively for receiving insulating material 50, such as fibrous material of a conventional type j well known in the building industry. Portions of -'portions-4B and 4'! of the inner framemember I8 calfioisecuredto'the outer frame members I? by fasteners 2| threaded into threaded holes 22 t .T j V: Y

In: detail, the outer frame-member I1 consists l forward've'rtical wall portion 23 facing outwwardly and having aiho'rizontal portion or first edge closure member 24 extending inwardly and -separated therefrom by an angularly bent portion -=2 5-pr9viding arece'ss or groove 28 between it and rt' ithe end'portion'fl of theouter portion 23. The

latter is also provided .Withan inclined'portion 28 including thethreadedholes 22 and terminating in-ramorizontal portion 29 substantially parallel =gto; the horizontal portion 24, but of a shorter ex- I tent.--."IThe' portions 28 "and 29 together form a gsecond closure member.. The various portions ,-which likewise i provided at its ends with bent the material itself have been omitted from the drawings in order to avoid unduly complicating the showing thereof and conflicting with the glass fibre, rock wool,fcork or other well-known andcohventional insulation.-

Mounted in the space between the portions 43 andheldbetween'the angle members 20 and the are window-setting members 5! (Figure 4):iof

" mastic or other suitable material; having spaced *grooves-52'therein' for the receptionof :spaced I Window-panes 53am 54. The grooves 52 are filled'out by locking members 55 of approximately U-shaped cross-section with their free ends entering the groove -52 and engaging the adjacent surfaces of the windowpanes 53and-54 so as to hold the window 'panesfirmly in the grooves '52.

The window pane-assembly 56- consisting of-,lthe

panes '53 and 54, the window-setting member 5I Y and the locking members 55 is inserted by remov- -ing the fasteners, 2F and angle -members- 20, *w'he'reupon thewindow. pane assembly 56 is slid into the space betweerr'the"portions'-43. of the inner frame members I 8 "until the bent overportions 47 engage the-inner-surfaceofthe inner of the inner frame members" I Bare provided with inwardly extending bosses "51- having vertical holes 58 alignedwith corresponding holes 55 and in the portions28and 24 respectively.

Passing through 'the holes 58, 59 and. 60' are bolts B'I which'likew'ise' pass through holes I52 and "63 in the oppositeiparallel portions 64 and 65:"ex-

- tending horizontally from vertical portionsBI of 23, 24, 25," 28, and 29 are engaged by correspondngly configured portions 30, 3|, 32, 33 and 34 re- -=-;pqrtions '35 and 36 extending into the gaps betweenthe inner ends 51 and 38 of the horizontal portions 24 1and'29 and the adjacent portions of ,theinner framemember I8 so as to insulate these 3 from-direct metallic contact with one another.

I he inner frame member I8 is provided with .an i;nner vertical wall portion 39having an end *portion lil and an angularly bent portion 4I providing a recess orgroove 42 corresponding to the similar recess or groove 26. The innerframe 7 (Figures 4 and 10).

outer frame members 66 of the louver units I2 .The frame members 6'6 are provided with'vertically extendingribs t8 mating with the grooves 26 and hence correspondingly configured. "Direct metallic contact between the portions 24 and 64 is prevented by the insertion of a plate-like rigid insulating member 69 therebetween, the inner end of which passes along and engagesthe upper surface of an inner' frame Inemberll] (Figures 4 and '11) having a substantially horizontal intermediate portion II of approximately wedge-shaped cross-section with a vertically extending rib T2 fitting into and mating. with the groove 42 of the inner frame member I8 so as to interlock these members. The opposite end of the inner-frame member 10 is provided with an oppositely extending vertical rib I3 formlng an abutment-for engagement by a gasket m ember I8 is also provided with a horizontal'porstion or third edge closure member 43 which in ,turn is=connected toan internal vertical wall porwt onjor partition 44, the upper end 45 of Wh sk! e Mof elastic deformable material such as rubber, synthetic rubber or the like. The inner frame members I0 are provided with vertically extending bosses I5 with vertical holes 16 ihrdu htwhich trieebolts fil'mass mguresia-and 111). .7

The outer- Eand -inner sideiframe-qneniber'sTI 18 g respectivel'yaresimilar "in "construction rand'con'figurationtothe outer and inner' fr-a'me G -mem'bers 66=-and'*1l l, hence=requireno furtherdeicription. "Arranged *between the opposed "side "framemembe'rs 'I'I are inclined louvers- 'I-E having "bent-opposite edges =80 and-=81 f-F-ig'ure i) "*tdpre- "betwee'nthe' louv'er s' I9. In the space between the vertical portions-8 If of thelouvers19=and the inner side members *18-a'n'dframe members? II ismounted a screen unit-llz "consistingof a frame-83 of U :s edges of "the --s'creen--portion "84 inserted' between "thearms of'the-frame 83 andlockedtherein *by forcing thesetogether; I

The screen frame *83 -also engages the hori-i :20

z' ontal -portion 'fi5 of .a horizontal outer "louver frameQmeinbepfifi (Figures 4 and f8) havingen vfinclined :po'rtion t8-1yconnecting the *horizontal I H portion "85 with the vertical portion-88 With "a vertically extending rib 89 :correspondin fto the 'bentportions fil of -thelouvers "I9. The outer louver "frame memberstii are "also; :provided'fwith horiz'ontal portions; 96 extendingg inwardly. from the'vertical portions and provided with ribs "9|. spaced "apart ifrom the 'free edge "QZPQf the verti-oal pprtion 88 and forming the side Wt11S"' of' a groovef ilflfsimilar in form 'a'ndpurpose to the groovesj26. The horizontaliportions' B5 and ventthe"direct'passagepi -air througEthespac'es 310 90 are provided withgaligned hles'94 and 95for "the reception .of bolts 96 which likewise pass through vertical-holes '91 in "bosses 98 'formed 'on"'1the vertical partition portions 99 0f inner I louver'irame 'members I 0.0 "(Figures 4 and 9). f'lhe inner 'louver frame members I 60 are provided Withfjillfilil'lfid portions .1 0 I iandiouter j vertrial-portions j I 92, "thelatter terminating air-- f-setgribs -I litforming:elongatedtrecesses or notches I'Mof L-shaped cross-section.

:In or'derto prevent direct :metajllic 'icontact be- -tween=z the outer and inner: louver frame mem- "bers' 6 6 ant-"m, a-ri-gid-*insulating member I652 is' provided' (Figure 4) having spacedfhoriz'ontal portions {I66 "and *I-Ill' interconnected by vertical portions I08, the' horizo'ntalportion-166mmminating in a vertical portion l filifwhich enters thegap'fcetween the'horizontal portion 64 of the outer frame members 66 and the outer surface of the inner-louver frame'memherZ'Ill. Similarly, the louver iramemembers 8.6 and .166 are ;provided wtih a rigid insulating .jmembe'rl t6 'having a horizontalportion III, an inclined portion;

H2, a vertical portion II3 andan extended horizontal'portion H4 passing between the partition -99 and the horizontal portionaefltand terminating inia-bentportion H entering'the ganbetween the outerqand. innerlouver frame memhersilifi zan'd lliflgso as to prevent direct heat conduction =thereoetween. Thechambers :IiI'ii, Eli-landlifl flyingwwithin the rigid insulating members, I05 and I H] and within the innerelouver framermem- ::other :suitable conventional insulating" material -.50 Pin the tsamemanner :a ,ithe schambers -ls:1 and A9previouslyidescribed.

'gFitting 'into the inclined walled "aperture formed by theiinnerilouverframe members 10,-

I8 and I80 and engaging the gasket I4 is a removable closure unit |'(-Figure 4 having plate- "edge :of the closure unit :"Idll iiis pro, dad witli ia *vertically extending flange i I 26 abuttingithe porti0n'12 *of "the innerl louver frame member l I Figures '12 and l3 'illustrate how ed cent windojw units '1 I arejoined-together: when they =are placed 1 side by v side "the 's'amei building opening "sothat several such units 'are employed i' to I fill a single building opening. By turning 5 Figure .il-3"-upon its side-- and corri iaring it' with *th-e =ce1'itral portion of Figure 4' -:-it the seen :that the sidedrame ers I6 are m'ilar in construction to the horizontal 'frame I I I 7 -'and I 8 and parts similar to "those reviously -described ar'e similarly-d'esignated.- Tdinter- I connect adjacent side "frame --mem"b':ers'--:I 6 of window units 'I'I (Figure'l3), the bolt's fi'l" ing through the bosses 5'! are -provideda's -=before,

' except that these likewise pass*through holes I 21 inspacing members 128 (Figure 12);, Adigfd insulating *structure 12-9 of -hollow 'reetarigiilar crossasection is "providewto fill the space 'between the adjacent portions 24 of the-frame members I6 and "this may likewise be "filled; with suitable insulating material 50, preferably of a fibrous nature. The-gaps between the adj-a'c'entkedge hollow cover strips I36 (Figure-'13) -of=approximately T-shaped cross-section and having'in- --Wardly extending wings or rib's i I3 I "entering the gap and bentover as "at 132' toTormportions-en- :tering-the grooves 26 and 42' respectively; In practice, the cover strips "I 36 are-"sprung into-the gaps between the ridgesil and M and the portions I32 snap into the grooves and 4-2-=-th refibeyond.

' The modification shown in Figure l i provides a 'filler unit 135 to fill :outthe-"space between a {inner frame members I 36 and I3 7- havingv rigid insulating" members I3 6 'aIidZPBS to kprev'ent direct metallic "contactfbetween thein or -unit; suchas a-ventilator unit I E'aridth'e' building "opening where the-unit I2?itself isin'sufiicient to fill'thes'pace along with'itsiwindow-unitl I orfl'fi.

The filler unit +35 consists "of 116110, "uter-'and pectively 7 between] either of them and the'ra 'd-j'ahent ven- E-like -front-and"rear-walls MI and I2 2 inel-med side walls -I2-3 --terminating in" vertically extending flanges I24 having rigid insu1ating'1 -pane.

tractiveness of the building is lg- 'suohsmaillpanes aralihowever -therihs .68 andIZ-on' the ventilator unit r2. Ihe

frame members I36 the rigid'insulating member .138 enclose chammaterial .50, preferably ofa "fibrous ,natu'ref gas *DI'BVIOHSIY described herein. "While the filler unit has'y'been described and illustrated'in fconn'ec- I -tion with a ventilator unit I2, it will "be evident that it can be used also in conneotiontvith i'tl ie -window-unitsI1ll,'I'I"andI3. v

For ornamental purposes, infiertainftypsiof buildings, such as residences o'f jtheQSO-C leid Georgian or'Ca-pe Cod cottagetype, ,theflatenh,anceid;iby he -use of multiple ,small panes in each 5W1 :cult to clean as compared withjag ingle and lei-in cooperation w th torming a= lattice-work simulating the mullions vinto which small window panes are'customarily fitted. Toclean the outside of the single large ;-window:pane"54, it merely necessary to remove the grille unit "I'5I replacing it after the cleaning has been accomplished.

The assembly of the various units into a window opening; in a building is self-evident and ,follows fromethe foregoing description of the construction of these units. A large window unit I may be used alone in an opening or assembled sidebyside with other units ina large opening asshown in Figure 12, by means of the spacing members I 28 and cover strips I39 shown in Figure 13,-]. Optionally, a lower unit I2 may be com- .--bined with a medium-size window unit II Fi ures-2, 4 and 5), or two-louver units I2 may be combinedwith asmall window unit I3 (Figure 3) in ;,the.;manner previously described. Where a louverunit I2 is insufficient to fill the space, the filler unit-I35 is inserted and spans the gap between the louverunit I2 and the building opening asqshown'inFigure 14. Adjacent window .units I0,- II or I3 and louver units I2 may be Joined together in a single building opening by the use of the spacing members I28 and the elongatedcover strips I30 as shown in Figures 12 and 13.

In wintertime, the louver units I2 are sealed by theclosure units I20 (Figures 4 and 5) which tightly engage the gasket I4 and prevent leakage -of airby lineal foot crack loss. The various units may .be quickly assembled from standardized units prefabricated in a factory and a wide variety of units is thus afforded.

WhileI have shown and described my invention-in detail, it is to be understood that the same is to be limited only by the appended claims, for manychanges may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

..What I claim is: 1. A building structure for mounting in a building openingcomprising a window unit having an open centered frame structure with a window :pane mounted, therein, and a ventilating .unit disposed in, said building opening independently ofand separable from said window unit and having an open centered frame structure with spaced ,ventilating louvers mounted therein, said win- .dow and ventilating units being mounted in edge tov edge abutting relationship in said building 'opening and having interengaging portions mating with one another in freely-separable inter- .fitting relationship along said abutting edges,

. each frame structure, being of hollow construction ,with a chamber extending substantially J around the entire periphery of the window pane and heat insulating material disposed in said .ch m rf 2. A building structure for mounting in a building .opening comprising a window unit havingan open centered frame structure with a window pane mounted therein, and a ventilating unit-disposed in said building opening independently of and separable from said window unit and having an open centered frame structure with spaced ventilating louvers mounted "therein, said window and ventilating units being;

to one of said frame members.

j'mounted in edge to edge abutting relationship in said building opening and having interengaging portions mating with one another in freeinner'frame members and edge closure members engaging andextending between the edges of said-outerand inner frame members to enclose l0 a chamber extending substantially around the entire periphery of saidwindow pane, a partition -member disposed between said outer and inner-members and dividing said chamberinto outer and inner portions, and heat insulating material of relatively low heat conductivity disposed insaid outer and inner portions of.v said chamber, said partition member being connected 3. A building structure for mounting in a building opening comprising a window unit having an open centered frame structure with a window pane mounted therein, a ventilating unit disposed in said building opening, independently ofand separable from said window unit andhaving an open centered frame structure with spaced ventilating louvers mounted therein, said win- -dow and ventilating units beingmounted in-edge to edge abutting relationship in said building ing with one another in freely-separable intertion with cavities therein and having heat insulating material disposed in said cavities, said units having a combined length less than the length of said buildingopening with a gap therebetween, and a filler unit mounted in said gap in edge to edge abutting relationship with one of the other units in said building opening, said filler unit and said other unit having interengaging portions mating with and freely separable from one another in interfitting engagement along the abutting edge, said filler unit having spaced outer and inner walls and spaced upper and lower walls secured to and interconnecting said outer and inner walls, said upper and lower walls and said outer and inner walls enclosing a filler chamber, and heat insulating material disposed in said filler chamber. i

RICHARD B. POLLMAN.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 924,658 Graebing June 15,1909 1,832,847 Lane Nov. 24, 1931 1,965,519 Axe July 3', 1934 1,972,991 Hinkle Sept. 11, 1934 2,000,511 Edwards et a1 May 7, 1935 2,249,641 Stucki July 15, 1941 2,280,389 Edwards Apr. 21, 1942 2,305,445 Poor et a1 Dec. 15, 1942 2,320,268 Cramer May 25, 1943 2,340,570 Siebenlist Feb. 1, 1944 2,347,137 Steele Apr. 18, 1944 2,416,269 Paul Feb. 18, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 23,999 Great Britain 1912 Sweden Sept. 1, 1942 

